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1. malloc()º¯Êý
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#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h>
typedef struct data_type { int age; char name[20];
} data;
int main() { data *bob; bob = (data*)malloc( sizeof(data) ); if( bob != NULL ) { bob->age = 22; strcpy( bob->name, "Robert" ); printf( "%s is %d years old\n", bob->name, bob->age ); } free( bob ); //ÊÍ·ÅbobÖ¸ÕëÖ¸ÏòÄÚ´æ¿Õ¼ä bob = NULL;
} |
2. calloc()º¯Êý
º¯ÊýÔÐÍ£ºvoid *calloc(size_t n, size_t size)£»
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n £º±íʾÉêÇën¿ésize¸ö×ֽڵĿռä´óСµÄÄÚ´æ¿Õ¼ä£»
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2£©Í¬ÑùµÄvoid* ±íʾδȷ¶¨ÀàÐ͵ÄÖ¸Õ룬void *¿ÉÒÔÖ¸ÏòÈκÎÀàÐ͵ÄÊý¾Ý£¬ËùÒÔÔÚʹÓà calloc() º¯Êýʱͨ³£ÐèÒª½øÐÐÇ¿ÖÆÀàÐÍת»»£¬½« void Ö¸Õëת»»³ÉÎÒÃÇÏ£ÍûµÄÀàÐÍ£¬ÆäÓ÷¨¸úmalloc()º¯ÊýµÄÓ÷¨ÊÇÒ»ÑùµÄ£¬Ò²¿ÉÒÔ½«ÆäÀí½âΪÒÔÏÂÕâÖÖÐÎʽ£º
Êý¾ÝÀàÐÍ *Ö¸ÕëÃû=(ÀàÐÍ˵Ã÷·û*) malloc(size_t n,size_t size)£»
3£©Èç¹û size µÄֵΪ0£¬ÄÇô·µ»ØÖµ»áÒò±ê×¼¿âʵÏֵIJ»Í¬¶ø²»Í¬£¬¿ÉÄÜÊÇ NULL£¬Ò²¿ÉÄܲ»ÊÇ£¬µ«·µ»ØµÄÖ¸Õë²»Ó¦¸ÃÔٴα»ÒýÓã»
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#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h>
typedef struct data_type { int age; char name[20];
} data; char *function();
int main() { data *bob; //bob = (data*)malloc( sizeof(data)*2); bob = (data*)calloc(2,sizeof(data)); //Êý×é½á¹¹ //Ö¸ÕëÖ¸ÏòÊÇÒ»¿éÁ¬ÐøµÄÄÚ´æ¿Õ¼äʱºò£¬Ö¸ÕëÃû¿ÉÒÔµ±×÷Êý×éÃûʹÓà int i; if( bob != NULL ) { bob->age = 22; strcpy( bob->name, "Robert" ); (bob+1)->age = 16; strcpy( (bob+1)->name, "Tom" );
for(i = 0; i < 2; i++) { printf( "%s is %d years old\n", bob[i].name, bob[i].age ); } } free( bob ); //ÊÍ·ÅbobÖ¸ÕëÖ¸ÏòÄÚ´æ¿Õ¼ä bob = NULL;
char *p = function();
puts(p);
free(p); p = NULL; } char *function() { //static //char buf[13] = "hello world";
char *buf = (char *)calloc(13,sizeof(char)); //¶ÑÇø¿Õ¼ä
strcpy(buf,"hello world");
return buf; } |
3.free()º¯Êý
º¯ÊýÔÐÍ£ºvoid free (void* ptr);
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2£©free()º¯ÊýÖ»ÄÜÊͷŶ¯Ì¬·ÖÅäµÄÄÚ´æ¿Õ¼ä£¬²¢²»ÄÜÊÍ·ÅÈÎÒâµÄÄÚ´æ¡£ÏÂÃæµÄд·¨ÊÇ´íÎóµÄ£º
int a[10]; // ...Öмä´úÂëµÄ¾ßÌ幦ÄÜ free(a); |
3£©Èç¹û ptr ËùÖ¸ÏòµÄÄÚ´æ¿Õ¼ä²»ÊÇÓÉÉÏÃæµÄÈý¸öº¯ÊýËù·ÖÅäµÄ£¬»òÕßÒѱ»ÊÍ·Å£¬ÄÇôµ÷ÓÃfree() »áÓÐÎÞ·¨Ô¤ÖªµÄÇé¿ö·¢Éú£»
4£©Èç¹û ptr ΪNULL£¬ÄÇô free() ²»»áÓÐÈκÎ×÷Óã¬ÄÇôfree ¶Ôp ÎÞÂÛ²Ù×÷¶àÉٴζ¼²»»á³öÎÊÌâ¡£Èç¹ûp ²»ÊÇNULL Ö¸Õ룬ÄÇôfree ¶ÔpÁ¬Ðø²Ù×÷Á½´Î¾Í»áµ¼Ö³ÌÐòÔËÐдíÎó¡£
6£©Ò»°ãÇé¿öÏÂfree()Óëmalloc()º¯ÊýÅä¶ÔʹÓá£
5£©free() ²»»á¸Ä±äptr ±äÁ¿±¾ÉíµÄÖµ£¬µ÷Óà free()ºóËüÈÔÈ»»áÖ¸ÏòÏàͬµÄÄÚ´æ¿Õ¼ä£¬µ«ÊÇ´Ëʱ¸ÃÄÚ´æÒÑÎÞЧ£¬²»Äܱ»Ê¹Óá£ËùÒÔ½¨Ò齫 ptrµÄÖµÉèÖÃΪ NULL£¬
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h>
int function(int n,char **pf);
int main() { char *p;
function(13,&p); //ÈçºÎÔÚÖ÷º¯ÊýÖеõ½×Óº¯ÊýÉêÇëµÄ¶ÑÇø¿Õ¼äµÄÊ×µØÖ·£¿ puts(p); printf("p: = %#p\n",p); printf("&p = %#p\n",&p); free(p); p = NULL; } //int n = 13; //char **pf == &p //pf Ö¸ÕëÖ¸Ïòp
//pf == &p //*pf == p == int function(int n,char **pf) { *pf = (char *)calloc(n,sizeof(char)); //¶ÑÇø¿Õ¼ä printf("pf: = %#p\n",pf); printf("*pf = %#p\n",*pf);
if(*pf == NULL) { return 0; } strcpy(*pf,"hello world"); return 1; } |