ÔÐÍ int select( int nfds, fd_set* readfds, fd_set* writefds, fd_set* exceptfds, const struct timeva l* timeout ); nfds£º±¾²ÎÊýºöÂÔ£¬½öÆðµ½¼æÈÝ×÷Óᣠreadfds£º£¨¿ÉÑ¡£©Ö¸Õ룬ָÏòÒ»×éµÈ´ý¿É¶ÁÐÔ¼ì²éµÄÌ×½Ó¿Ú¡£ writefds£º£¨¿ÉÑ¡£©Ö¸Õ룬ָÏòÒ»×éµÈ´ý¿ÉдÐÔ¼ì²éµÄÌ×½Ó¿Ú¡£ exceptfds£º£¨¿ÉÑ¡£©Ö¸Õ룬ָÏòÒ»×éµÈ´ý´íÎó¼ì²éµÄÌ×½Ó¿Ú¡£ timeout£ºselect()×î¶àµÈ´ýʱ¼ä£¬¶Ô×èÈû²Ù×÷ÔòΪNULL¡£ timeoutΪ½á¹¹timeva l£¬ÓÃÀ´ÉèÖÃselect()µÄµÈ´ýʱ¼ä£¬Æä½á¹¹¶¨ÒåÈçÏ struct timeva l { time_t tv_sec; //second Ãë time_t tv_usec; //microsecond ΢Ãî }; ×¢ÊÍ£º ±¾º¯ÊýÓÃÓÚÈ·¶¨Ò»¸ö»ò¶à¸öÌ×½Ó¿ÚµÄ״̬¡£¶Ôÿһ¸öÌ×½Ó¿Ú£¬µ÷ÓÃÕ߿ɲéѯËüµÄ¿É¶ÁÐÔ¡¢¿ÉдÐÔ¼°´íÎó״̬ÐÅÏ¢¡£ÓÃfd_set½á¹¹À´±íʾһ×éµÈ´ý¼ì²éµÄÌ×½Ó¿Ú¡£ÔÚµ÷Ó÷µ»Øʱ£¬Õâ¸ö½á¹¹´æÓÐÂú×ãÒ»¶¨Ìõ¼þµÄÌ×½Ó¿Ú×éµÄ×Ó¼¯£¬²¢ÇÒselect()·µ»ØÂú×ãÌõ¼þµÄÌ×½Ó¿ÚµÄÊýÄ¿¡£ÓÐÒ»×éºê¿ÉÓÃÓÚ¶Ôfd_setµÄ²Ù×÷£¬ÕâЩºêÓëBerkeley UnixÈí¼þÖеļæÈÝ£¬µ«ÄÚ²¿µÄ±í´ïÊÇÍêÈ«²»Í¬µÄ¡£ readfds²ÎÊý±êʶµÈ´ý¿É¶ÁÐÔ¼ì²éµÄÌ×½Ó¿Ú¡£Èç¹û¸ÃÌ×½Ó¿ÚÕý´¦ÓÚ¼àÌýlisten()״̬£¬ÔòÈôÓÐÁ¬½ÓÇëÇ󵽴¸ÃÌ׽ӿڱ㱻±êʶΪ¿É¶Á£¬ÕâÑùÒ»¸öaccept()µ÷Óñ£Ö¤¿ÉÒÔÎÞ×èÈûÍê³É¡£¶ÔÆäËûÌ×½Ó¿Ú¶øÑÔ£¬¿É¶ÁÐÔÒâζ×ÅÓÐÅŶÓÊý¾Ý¹©¶ÁÈ¡¡£»òÕ߶ÔÓÚSOCK_STREAMÀàÐÍÌ×½Ó¿ÚÀ´Ëµ£¬Ïà¶ÔÓÚ¸ÃÌ×½Ó¿ÚµÄÐéÌ×½Ó¿ÚÒѹرգ¬ÓÚÊÇrecv()»òrecvfrom()²Ù×÷¾ùÄÜÎÞ×èÈûÍê³É¡£Èç¹ûÐéµç·±»¡°ÓÅÑŵء±ÖÐÖ¹£¬Ôòrecv()²»¶ÁÈ¡Êý¾ÝÁ¢¼´·µ»Ø£»Èç¹ûÐéµç·±»Ç¿ÖƸ´Î»£¬Ôòrecv()½«ÒÔWSAECONNRESET´íÎóÁ¢¼´·µ»Ø¡£Èç¹ûSO_OOBINLINEÑ¡Ïî±»ÉèÖã¬Ôò½«¼ì²é´øÍâÊý¾ÝÊÇ·ñ´æÔÚ£¨²Î¼ûsetsockopt()£©¡£ writefds²ÎÊý±êʶµÈ´ý¿ÉдÐÔ¼ì²éµÄÌ×½Ó¿Ú¡£Èç¹ûÒ»¸öÌ×½Ó¿ÚÕýÔÚconnect()Á¬½Ó£¨·Ç×èÈû£©£¬¿ÉдÐÔÒâζ×ÅÁ¬½Ó˳Àû½¨Á¢¡£Èç¹ûÌ×½Ó¿Ú²¢Î´´¦ÓÚconnect()µ÷ÓÃÖУ¬¿ÉдÐÔÒâζ×Åsend()ºÍsendto()µ÷Óý«ÎÞ×èÈûÍê³É¡£¡²µ«²¢Î´Ö¸³öÕâ¸ö±£Ö¤Ôڶ೤ʱ¼äÄÚÓÐЧ£¬ÌرðÊÇÔÚ¶àÏ̻߳·¾³ÖС³¡£ exceptfds²ÎÊý±êʶµÈ´ý´øÍâÊý¾Ý´æÔÚÐÔ»òÒâζ´íÎóÌõ¼þ¼ì²éµÄÌ×½Ó¿Ú¡£Çë×¢ÒâÈç¹ûÉèÖÃÁËSO_OOBINLINEÑ¡ÏîΪ¼ÙFALSE£¬ÔòÖ»ÄÜÓÃÕâÖÖ·½·¨À´¼ì²é´øÍâÊý¾ÝµÄ´æÔÚÓë·ñ¡£¶ÔÓÚSO_STREAMÀàÐÍÌ×½Ó¿Ú£¬Ô¶¶ËÔì³ÉµÄÁ¬½ÓÖÐÖ¹ºÍKEEPALIVE´íÎ󶼽«±»×÷ΪÒâζ³ö´í¡£Èç¹ûÌ×½Ó¿ÚÕýÔÚ½øÐÐÁ¬½Óconnect()£¨·Ç×èÈû·½Ê½£©£¬ÔòÁ¬½ÓÊÔͼµÄʧ°Ü½«»á±íÏÖÔÚexceptfds²ÎÊýÖС£ Èç¹û¶Ôreadfds¡¢writefds»òexceptfdsÖÐÈÎÒ»¸ö×éÀ಻¸ÐÐËȤ£¬¿É½«ËüÖÃΪ¿ÕNULL¡£ ÔÚwinsock.hÍ·ÎļþÖй²¶¨ÒåÁËËĸöºêÀ´²Ù×÷ÃèÊö×Ö¼¯¡£FD_SETSIZE±äÁ¿ÓÃÓÚÈ·¶¨Ò»¸ö¼¯ºÏÖÐ×î¶àÓжàÉÙÃèÊö×Ö£¨FD_SETSIZEȱʡֵΪ64£¬¿ÉÔÚ°üº¬winsock.hÇ°ÓÃ#define FD_SETSIZEÀ´¸Ä±ä¸ÃÖµ£©¡£¶ÔÓÚÄÚ²¿±íʾ£¬fd_set±»±íʾ³ÉÒ»¸öÌ׽ӿڵĶÓÁУ¬×îºóÒ»¸öÓÐЧԪËصĺóÐøÔªËØΪINVAL_SOCKET¡£ºêΪ£º FD_CLR(s,*set)£º´Ó¼¯ºÏsetÖÐɾ³ýÃèÊö×Ös¡£ FD_ISSET(s,*set)£ºÈôsΪ¼¯ºÏÖÐÒ»Ô±£¬·ÇÁ㣻·ñÔòΪÁã¡£ FD_SET(s,*set)£ºÏò¼¯ºÏÌí¼ÓÃèÊö×Ös¡£ FD_ZERO(*set)£º½«set³õʼ»¯Îª¿Õ¼¯NULL¡£ timeout²ÎÊý¿ØÖÆselect()Íê³ÉµÄʱ¼ä¡£Èôtimeout²ÎÊýΪ¿ÕÖ¸Õ룬Ôòselect()½«Ò»Ö±×èÈûµ½ÓÐÒ»¸öÃèÊö×ÖÂú×ãÌõ¼þ¡£·ñÔòµÄ»°£¬timeoutÖ¸ÏòÒ»¸ötimeva l½á¹¹£¬ÆäÖÐÖ¸¶¨ÁËselect()µ÷ÓÃÔÚ·µ»ØÇ°µÈ´ý¶à³¤Ê±¼ä¡£Èç¹ûtimeva lΪ{0,0}£¬Ôòselect()Á¢¼´·µ»Ø£¬Õâ¿ÉÓÃÓÚ̽ѯËùÑ¡Ì×½Ó¿ÚµÄ״̬¡£Èç¹û´¦ÓÚÕâÖÖ״̬£¬Ôòselect()µ÷ÓÿÉÈÏΪÊÇ·Ç×èÈûµÄ£¬ÇÒÒ»ÇÐÊÊÓÃÓÚ·Ç×èÈûµ÷ÓõļÙÉ趼ÊÊÓÃÓÚËü¡£¾ÙÀýÀ´Ëµ£¬×èÈû¹³×Óº¯Êý²»Ó¦±»µ÷Óã¬ÇÒWINDOWSÌ×½Ó¿ÚʵÏÖ²»Ó¦yield¡£ ·µ»ØÖµ£º select()µ÷Ó÷µ»Ø´¦ÓÚ¾ÍÐ÷״̬²¢ÇÒÒѾ°üº¬ÔÚfd_set½á¹¹ÖеÄÃèÊö×Ö×ÜÊý£»Èç¹û³¬Ê±Ôò·µ»Ø0£»·ñÔòµÄ»°£¬·µ»ØSOCKET_ERROR´íÎó£¬Ó¦ÓóÌÐò¿Éͨ¹ýWSAGetLastError()»ñÈ¡ÏàÓ¦´íÎó´úÂë¡£ ´íÎó´úÂ룺 WSANOTINITIALISED£ºÔÚʹÓôËAPI֮ǰӦÊ×Ïȳɹ¦µØµ÷ÓÃWSAStartup()¡£ WSAENETDOWN£ºWINDOWSÌ×½Ó¿ÚʵÏÖ¼ì²âµ½ÍøÂç×ÓϵͳʧЧ¡£ WSAEINVAL£º³¬Ê±Ê±¼äÖµ·Ç·¨¡£ WSAEINTR£ºÍ¨¹ýÒ»¸öWSACancelBlockingCall()À´È¡ÏûÒ»¸ö£¨×èÈûµÄ£©µ÷ÓᣠWSAEINPROGRESS£ºÒ»¸ö×èÈûµÄWINDOWSÌ×½Ó¿Úµ÷ÓÃÕýÔÚÔËÐÐÖС£ WSAENOTSOCK£ºÃèÊö×Ö¼¯ºÏÖаüº¬ÓзÇÌ×½Ó¿ÚµÄÔªËØ¡£ ·¶Àý : sock= socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0); struct sockaddr_in addr; //¸æËßsock Ó¦¸ÃÔÙʲôµØ·½licence memset(&addr,0,sizeof(addr)); addr.sin_family=AF_INET; addr.sin_port=htons(11111); //¶Ë¿ÚÀ² addr.sin_addr.s_addr=htonl(INADDR_ANY); //ÔÚ±¾»úµÄËùÓÐipÉÏ¿ªÊ¼¼àÌý bind (sock,(sockaddr *)&addr,sizeof(addr));//bind.... listen(sock,5); //×î´ó5¸ö¶ÓÁÐ SOCKET socka; //Õâ¸öÓÃÀ´½ÓÊÜÒ»¸öÁ¬½Ó fd_set rfd; // ÃèÊö·û¼¯ Õâ¸ö½«ÓÃÀ´²âÊÔÓÐûÓÐÒ»¸ö¿ÉÓõÄÁ¬½Ó struct timeva l timeout; FD_ZERO(&rfd); //×ÜÊÇÕâÑùÏÈÇå¿ÕÒ»¸öÃèÊö·û¼¯ timeout.tv_sec=60; //µÈÏÂselectÓõ½Õâ¸ö timeout.tv_usec=0; u_long ul=1; ioctlsocket(sock,FIONBIO,&ul); //Ó÷Ç×èÈûµÄÁ¬½Ó //ÏÖÔÚ¿ªÊ¼ÓÃselect FD_SET(sock,&rfd); //°Ñsock·ÅÈëÒª²âÊÔµÄÃèÊö·û¼¯ ¾ÍÊÇ˵°Ñsock·ÅÈëÁËrfdÀïÃæ ÕâÑùÏÂÒ»²½µ÷ÓÃselect¶Ôrfd½øÐвâÊÔµÄʱºò¾Í»á²âÊÔsockÁË(ÒòΪÎÒÃǽ«sock·ÅÈëµÄrdf) Ò»¸öÃèÊö·û¼¯¿ÉÒÔ°üº¬¶à¸ö±»²âÊÔµÄÃèÊö·û, if(select(sock+1,&rfd,0,0, &timeout)==0) { //Õâ¸ö´óÀ¨ºÅ½ÓÉÏÃæµÄ,·µ»Ø0ÄÇô¾Í³¬¹ýÁËtimeoutÔ¤¶¨µÄʱ¼ä //´¦Àí.... } if(FD_ISSET(sock,&rfd)) { //ÓÐÒ»¸öÃèÊö·û×¼±¸ºÃÁË socka=accept(sock,0,0); //Ò»¸öÓÃÀ´²âÊÔ¶Á Ò»¸öÓÃÀ´²âÊÔд FD_ZERO(&rfd); FD_ZERO(&wfd); FD_SET(socka,&rfd);//°Ñsocka·ÅÈë¶ÁÃèÊö·û¼¯ FD_SET(sockb,&rfd);//°Ñsockb·ÅÈë¶ÁÃèÊö·û¼¯ FD_SET(socka,&wfd);°Ñsocka·ÅÈëдÃèÊö·û¼¯ FD_SET(sockb,&wfd);°Ñsockb·ÅÈëдÃèÊö·û¼¯ if(SOCKET_ERROR!=select(0,&rfd,&wfd,0,0)) //²âÊÔÕâÁ½¸öÃèÊö·û¼¯,ÓÀ²»³¬Ê± ÆäÖÐrfdÖ»ÓÃÀ´²âÊÔ¶Á wfdÖ»ÓÃÀ´²âÊÔд { //ûÓдíÎó if(FD_ISSET(socka,&rfd)) //socka¿É¶Á {...} if(FD_ISSET(sockb,&rfd) //sockb¿É¶Á {...} if(FD_ISSET(socka,&wfd) //socka ¿Éд {...} if(FD_ISSET(sockb,&wfd) //sockb¿Éд {...} } ¶þ¡¢Linux cÖÐ select£¨I/O¶à¹¤»úÖÆ£© ±íÍ·Îļþ ££i nclude<sys/time.h> ££i nclude<sys/types.h> ££i nclude<unistd.h> ¶¨Ò庯Êý int select(int n,fd_set * readfds,fd_set * writefds,fd_set * exceptfds,struct timeva l * timeout); º¯Êý˵Ã÷ select()ÓÃÀ´µÈ´ýÎļþÃèÊö´Ê״̬µÄ¸Ä±ä¡£²ÎÊýn´ú±í×î´óµÄÎļþÃèÊö´Ê¼Ó1£¬²ÎÊýreadfds¡¢writefds ºÍexceptfds ³ÆΪÃèÊö´Ê×飬ÊÇÓÃÀ´»Ø´«¸ÃÃèÊö´ÊµÄ¶Á£¬Ð´»òÀýÍâµÄ×´¿ö¡£µ×ϵĺêÌṩÁË´¦ÀíÕâÈýÖÖÃèÊö´Ê×éµÄ·½Ê½: FD_CLR(inr fd,fd_set* set)£»ÓÃÀ´Çå³ýÃèÊö´Ê×ésetÖÐÏà¹Øfd µÄλ FD_ISSET(int fd,fd_set *set)£»ÓÃÀ´²âÊÔÃèÊö´Ê×ésetÖÐÏà¹Øfd µÄλÊÇ·ñΪÕæ FD_SET£¨int fd,fd_set*set£©£»ÓÃÀ´ÉèÖÃÃèÊö´Ê×ésetÖÐÏà¹ØfdµÄλ FD_ZERO£¨fd_set *set£©£» ÓÃÀ´Çå³ýÃèÊö´Ê×ésetµÄÈ«²¿Î» ²ÎÊý timeoutΪ½á¹¹timeva l£¬ÓÃÀ´ÉèÖÃselect()µÄµÈ´ýʱ¼ä£¬Æä½á¹¹¶¨ÒåÈçÏ struct timeva l { time_t tv_sec; time_t tv_usec; }; ·µ»ØÖµ Èç¹û²ÎÊýtimeoutÉèΪNULLÔò±íʾselect£¨£©Ã»ÓÐtimeout¡£ ´íÎó´úÂë Ö´Ðгɹ¦Ôò·µ»ØÎļþÃèÊö´Ê״̬ÒѸıäµÄ¸öÊý£¬Èç¹û·µ»Ø0´ú±íÔÚÃèÊö´Ê״̬¸Ä±äÇ°Òѳ¬¹ýtimeoutʱ¼ä£¬µ±ÓдíÎó·¢ÉúʱÔò·µ»Ø-1£¬´íÎóÔÒò´æÓÚerrno£¬´Ëʱ²ÎÊýreadfds£¬writefds£¬exceptfdsºÍtimeoutµÄÖµ±ä³É²»¿ÉÔ¤²â¡£ EBADF ÎļþÃèÊö´ÊΪÎÞЧµÄ»ò¸ÃÎļþÒÑ¹Ø±Õ EINTR ´Ëµ÷Óñ»ÐźÅËùÖÐ¶Ï EINVAL ²ÎÊýn Ϊ¸ºÖµ¡£ ENOMEM ºËÐÄÄÚ´æ²»×ã ·¶Àý ³£¼ûµÄ³ÌÐòƬ¶Î:fs_set readset£» FD_ZERO(&readset); FD_SET(fd,&readset); select(fd+1,&readset,NULL,NULL,NULL); if(FD_ISSET(fd,readset){¡¡} ÏÂÃæÊÇlinux»·¾³ÏÂselectµÄÒ»¸ö¼òµ¥Ó÷¨ ££i nclude <sys/time.h> ££i nclude <stdio.h> ££i nclude <sys/types.h> ££i nclude <sys/stat.h> ££i nclude <fcntl.h> ££i nclude <assert.h> int main () { int keyboard; int ret,i; char c; fd_set readfd; struct timeva l timeout; keyboard = open("/dev/tty",O_RDONLY | O_NONBLOCK); assert(keyboard>0); while(1) { timeout.tv_sec=1; timeout.tv_usec=0; FD_ZERO(&readfd); FD_SET(keyboard,&readfd); ret=select(keyboard+1,&readfd,NULL,NULL,&timeout); if(FD_ISSET(keyboard,&readfd)) { i=read(keyboard,&c,1); if('/n'==c) continue; printf("hehethe input is %c/n",c); if ('q'==c) break; } } } |